Pnjunction diode when the junction is illuminated, a net current flow takes place in an external lead connecting the ptype and ntype. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31, 2012 page 2 of 29 diode current aebv 1 comes from the standard iv equation for a diode, plotted above. To demonstrate the temperature effect, blow hot air over the solar cell and measure the temperature directly in. The effect of the reverse stress current induced into the solar cell structure on the iv characteristics and parameters in the dark and illuminated conditions at room temperature for. The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photovoltage when charged by the sun. Typical forward bias iv characteristics of solar cell. Solar cell fabrication the solar cell fabrication was taken from ref. Study of electronic characteristics of heterojunction with. It9380 solar battery test software is the professional software aims for solar iv characteristic. This video summarizes how a solar cell turns lightinduced mobile charges into electricity.
The iv5 solar cell iv measurement system is designed for the characterization of small solar devices. The downloadable toolkits contain the following code for forwardbias iv characterization tests. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. Iv characterization of photovoltaic cells application. However, the first solar cell has been developed with an efficiency of 6% at the late 1940s. Experimental analysis and modeling of the iv characteristics of photovoltaic solar cells under solar spectrum spot illumination. The solar cell produce electricity while light strikes on it. The model has been validated for a wide range of wafer based and thinfilm solar cells. The basic characteristics of a solar cell are the shortcircuit current i sc, the opencircuit voltage v oc, the fill factor ff and the solar energy conversion efficiency.
The dark iv curve of a solar module corresponds to the iv curve of a semiconductor diode. Itocovered glass from thin film devices were sequentially cleaned in acetone, isopropanol and water, then passed under uvozone plasma treatment for. In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. Introduction the iv characteristics of solar cells measured under dark and illuminated conditions provide an important tool for the assessment of their performance. This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the net current is reduced from its short circuit value. A typical iv curve and power curve of a solar cell fig 4. System includes a sample stage, capable of accommodating samples up to 50 mm diameter and probes to contact the sample. Set the solar cell facing towards a light source led and bring the intensity of led to the maximum using its rotary knob. However, there are ambivalent views about solar, or photovoltaic, cells ability to supply a significant amount of energy relative to global needs. Solar pv plant model validation for grid integration. An empirical model for generating the iv characteristics for a. En p rog 4 represents the solar cell as a multilayer structure and calculates the fraction of incident light absorbed in each layer, taking into. The program is implemented using the following variables.
If the solar cell is open circuited, then all of the isc flows through the. A lowcost laboratory experiment to generate the iv characteristic. Illuminating a cell adds to the normal dark currents in the diode so that the diode law becomes. Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics apparatus.
The current in other optoelectric devices like led and photocells are flowing from a source of voltage to the devices but in case of solar cell, current flows from the cell to the load and thus current in circuit is taken to be in opposite or negative direction. Determining the parameters of solar cell of solar cell. The first use of the pv cell was to power a satellite in 1958 and they are still used to power some spacecraft and satellites. The efficiency of a solar cell is the ratio of the electrical power it delivers to the load, to. Labview vi for photovoltaic solar cell characterization. If the solar module is connected in forward direction, electrons are driven into the barrier layer. Sunlight based iv characterization of solar pv cells. The standard solar spectrum assumed in solar cell analysis is called am1. Jv characteristic of solar cell file exchange matlab. Iv5 solar cell iv measurement system solar simulators. Aillerieb adepartment of physics, faculty of sciences, ferhat. Increase the voltage by changing the current through the solar cell and record current corresponding to the voltage. Typical voltagecurrent characteristics, known as the iv curve, of a diode without illumination is shown in green in figure 2. Solar pv modules rgp300 iv characteristics at different irradiations iv characteristics at different temperature l.
The key factor that affects the results of the simulation and accuracy in representating the. Solar cell iv data acquisition system intended for customers who already have a light source or wish to purchase one separately, these systems interface with your continuous solar simulator and test device mounting fixture to measure the currentvoltage characteristics of solar cells and small pv modules. Solar cell characterization apparatus iv characteristics. The efficiency of conversion of solar cell depends mainly on internal quantum efficiency of solar cell and on parasitic resistances. To plot the vi characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. Solar cells are usually coated with antireflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. Hosciv is integrated with 300w xenon lamp with housing, optics, power supply and an easy to use software with capability to measure dark and lighted iv characteristics of solar cell. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. Using the sourcemeter as an electronic load as illustrated in figure 4, when a load is connected to the output of an illuminated solar cell, a current will flow. For the purpose of the electrical characteristics of a solar cell, the inside of that black box can be described by an electric cicuit with only 4components.
The influence of both the diode saturation current density and of i sc on v oc, ff and. The edge isolation process during the manufacturing of solar cells is very important step as it affects iv characteristics of solar cell. The iv characteristics are measured using one of the model 4200scss source measure units smus, which can source and measure both current and voltage. Short circuit current i sc the shortcircuit current is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the solar cell is zero i. It highlights the cells physical structure with layers with different dopants, and the roles played by electric fields and diffusion of holes and electrons. Pdf solar cells parameters evaluation from dark iv. From figure 1, it is clear that the current i that flows to the external circuit is i isc aebv 1. The function jfv is based on shortcircuit current density jsc and calculated for different values of electrode thickness. Project file that contains the main vis, sample data, iv analysis functions. A solar module can be seen as a black box that with two connectors, producing a current, i, at a voltage, u. Solar cell conversion efficiency the standard solar radiation known as the air mass 1. To record the characteristics in problems 2 and 5, the solar cell is therefore kept at room temperature with the aid of a cold air blower. Solar cell iv characteristic and the solar iv curves.
An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. This program describes the current density j and voltage v of solar cell under steady state condition of irradiation using diffusion differential equation 1. You can come up with an expression that describes very precisely the iv characteristics. The deeper edge isolation scribe can be created by focusing the laser deep into the solar cell substrate. A similar thing goes on here with the solar cell where youre describing the current voltage relationship if you understand all of the mechanisms driving carrier recombination in your material and charge separation. The opencircuit voltage decreases with temperature due to the temperature dependence of the reverse saturation. There is need to create deep edge isolation scribe to increase shunt resistance in the solar cell. Solar cell efficiency the efficiency of a solar cell sometimes known as the power conversion efficiency, or pce, and also often abbreviated. Toolkit for iv characterization of photovoltaic cells.
A solar cell is a semiconductor pn junction diode as shown in figure 1. The iv curve of a solar cell is the superposition of the iv curve of the solar cell diode in the dark with the lightgenerated current. Pdf solar cell iv curves demonstrate the relationship between the current and voltage across the cell at the existing conditions of irradiance. P s1 characteristic curve dark and light iv of the solar.
When these building blocks are stacked in a rectangle, the upper right corner is the max power point of the array. It irradiates an area of 50 mm x 50 mm with a class aba solar simulator class aaa optional, measures the iv characteristics of the device and computes crital parameters such as voc, isc, jsc, vmax, imax, pmax, and efficiency. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar. This video summarizes how a solar cell turns lightgenerated mobile charges into electricity, highlighting the cells physical structure with layers with different dopants, and. Under standard test conditions with solar irradiance wm2, t25 o c and air mass ratio of 1. Table1 below provides a short summary about the development of the pv cells chaar et. Investigation of light intensity solar cells are based on. It can test solar battery iv characteristic under kinds of spectrums and light sources, and supports long time automatic testing. Basic characteristics and characterization of solar cells.
Solar cells are characterized by their currentvoltage iv characteristic curves. A commonly used parameter that characterizes a solar cell is the fill factor, ff, which is defined as the ratio of p max to the area of the rectangle formed by v oc and i sc. Solar cell iv characteristic curves show the current and voltage iv characteristics of a particular photovoltaic pv cell, module or array giving a detailed. A solar cell is a semiconductor pn junction diode, normally without an external bias, that provides electrical power to a load when illuminated figure 1. The shortcircuit current isc is directly proportional to the amount solar insolation received. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8. The solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaics. A main vi set to read and analyze data that was previously acquired and saved in lvm format.
The noload voltage and the shortcircuit current of the solar cell depend on temperature. It is also clearly evident from the figure that the dark characteristics is similar to the diode characteristics turned upside. In practice, when a load is present a potential difference develops between the terminals of the cell. The opencircuit voltage is shown on the iv curve below. This paper presents an empirical model for generating a pv module or a solar cell iv curves. Solar cell iv data acquisition system solar simulators. Pdf sunlight based iv characterization of solar pv cells. Pdf method to determine the single curve iv characteristic.
Photovoltaics electrical characteristics solar power. Why about raising iv characteristic of solar cells. Solar energy is tenuous, undependable, and expensive beyond practicality. With combination of itech programmable electronic loads it8700it8800it8900, the solar battery test system is built up. The working of a solar cell solely depends upon its photovoltaic effect hence a solar cell also known as photovoltaic cell. Pdf photovoltaic cell and module iv characteristic. The following sections address some materials aspects of iiiv solar cell development. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency.
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